Our human body consists of trillions of cells. Each of them serving a specific function. As with all complex ‘machines‘, at times our body breaks down of its own accord or due to external stimuli. When that happens – the road to recovery can be challenging. And it can be a slow, long and painful process, sometimes even discouraging. The question “How to Be Running without Knee Pain?” is looking for answers which the REJUVENATOR PLATINUM ***** EXTERNAL HEART machine delivers: One device – many applications with many benefits some of which may seem out of this world. It is the most luxurious and most effective multi-function intermittent vacuum therapy device available today, combined with functions of pressotherapy lymphatic drainage, as well as photobiostimulation.

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IVT relevant in angiology and phlebology:
Since different treatment methods promote different reflexes during intermittent vacuum therapy, IVT can be used to trigger various specific responses.An extension of the normal pressure stages is used to stimulate arterial perfusion. An extension of the negative pressure phases is used to increase backflow of venous blood and lymph. (Goswami N et al., 2008) "Past Protocols and Technical Consideration for Experimental Design".

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The effects of alternating positive and negative pressure:
The negative pressure phase invokes capillary dilation and capillarization. The physiological response is an improvement of blood circulation in the periphery and musculature (micro perfusion) and an infiltration of venous blood and lymphatic liquid. The positive pressure phase promotes venous back flow and improved lymph flow. By alternating both - positive and negative pressure - the total flow increases, neurons get stimulated, more oxygen gets into the cells and it increases and protects capillarization.

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Lymph vessels are the channels of the lymph
Lymph travels throughout the body via dedicated highways called lymphatic vessels. All lymph vessels lead to lymph nodes. Similar to arteries or veins that carry blood throughout the human body, lymph vessels are distinct. The flow of lymph is much slower than the flow of blood as lymph has no pump (the heart). Therefore lymph has to be flown. Lymph vessels surround each organ and make a special meshwork that wraps the skin. When the lymph vessels start very tiny they are called the initial lymphatic. Over seventy percent of the initial lymphatics are under or in the skin. The structure of the initial lymphatic is a one cell thick layer. Collagen and elastin fibers enforce those cells within the connective tissue and assist to keep them in place. The filaments transform the wall of the initial lymphatic and opens it up once the pressure within the interstitial zone rises due to a buildup of fluid, or stretching of the skin. When the interstitial fluid then flows in and starts to move along the channel it is called lymph. The lymph system filters between two and three litres of lymph per day. This is crucial because it helps to eliminate proteins that are too big to return through the capillary wall. (Guyton and Hall, Human Physiology and Mechanisms of Disease, sixth edition, W.B Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1997, page 139). The spaces that open in the initial lymphatic are four to six times larger than the gaps in the capillaries. To avoid swelling or edema removing protein is important because they draw water to themselves, so excess protein in the interstitial spaces has to be prevented. The lymph vessels also serve cleaning by collecting waste products, viruses, dead cells, bacteria, fats, inorganic substances, and water. After the lymph has entered the initial lymphatic, the lymph moves into the pre-collector which is a larger vessel, and then into even larger collectors, the diameter of which ranges from 100 to 600 microns. To ensure that the lymph only moves in one direction these vessels possess one way valves every 6- 20 mm. Around 4 to 5 afferent vessels transport lymph towards the lymph nodes, they open on the convex surface of the lymph node.

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NASA technology:
Since there isn't any gravity in space venous back flow cannot happen and lymph cannot flow throughout the body which is vital for the astronaut's health. Absence of gravity leads to orthostatic complications and issues of the baroreceptor reflex. The solution: a lower body negative pressure device (LBNPD) developed by NASA and DLR. The project started in 1962. The physical formula: permanent negative pressure in a range up to 70 mbar. That leads to a capillary dilation and prevents orthostatic complication. The challenge was to generate permanent and intermittent negative pressure. Astronaut Jack R Lousma was the first to deploy the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device (LBNPD). Others followed, like Scientist - Astronaut Owen K. Gariott in summer 1973. Nowadays the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device is being deployed in the International Space Station ISS and MIR. Plenty of medical research had been done by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) and NASA. As a result the Intermittent Vacuum Therapy evolved, which combines negative pressure phases with positive pressure phases on an alternating basis.

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NASA technology:
Since there isn't any gravity in space venous back flow cannot happen and lymph cannot flow throughout the body which is vital for the astronaut's health. Absence of gravity leads to orthostatic complications and issues of the baroreceptor reflex. The solution: a lower body negative pressure device (LBNPD) developed by NASA and DLR. The project started in 1962. The physical formula: permanent negative pressure in a range up to 70 mbar. That leads to a capillary dilation and prevents orthostatic complication. The challenge was to generate permanent and intermittent negative pressure. Astronaut Jack R Lousma was the first to deploy the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device (LBNPD). Others followed, like Scientist - Astronaut Owen K. Gariott in summer 1973. Nowadays the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device is being deployed in the International Space Station ISS and MIR. Plenty of medical research had been done by Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) and NASA. As a result the Intermittent Vacuum Therapy evolved, which combines negative pressure phases with positive pressure phases on an alternating basis.

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The full scope of rehabilitation
Rehabilitation plays an important role of universal health coverage and is a key component for achieving sustainable development where one significant goal is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at any age. Globally, about 2.4 billion people are currently living with a condition that benefits from rehabilitation. With changes taking place in health and the characteristics of populations worldwide, it is estimated that the need for rehabilitation is only going to increase in the future. Rehabilitation is not only for people with long-term or physical impairments, but it also represents a core service for anyone with an acute or chronic health condition impacting a broad range of conditions in a very positive way, including but not limited to acute or chronic diseases, illnesses or injuries, impairment that limits functioning. It has the potential to complement medical and surgical interventions, helping to achieve the best outcome possible.

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The remarkable mission of lymph nodes
There are between 400-700 almost kidney-shaped lymph nodes in the human body, half of which are positioned in the abdomen, and the rest in the neck, and the size of which can range from the head of a pin to an olive. The lymph nodes have the form of trabeculae and are wrapped in a fibrous capsule that goes deep down into the tissue. The reticular network surrounds the lymph nodes which mainly consist of a vast aggregation of lymphocytes in the form of macrophages and follicles. Its concave shaped hilum shows an artery, nerves, a vein, and one efferent vessel. The primary task of lymph nodes is to filter and clean the lymph. The lymph nodes produce various kinds of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes eliminate harmful substances within the human body, and represent a major part of the immune system. The lymph nodes reabsorb about fourty percent of the liquid content of the lymph. This makes the lymph much thicker. Because of this thickening and the filtering process, the lymph nodes cause the biggest resistance to the flow of lymph. In fact the lymph nodes stand for about 15 times more resistance than the lymph vessels themselves. Lymphatic drainage can help overcome this resistance in lymph flow.

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inguinal lymph nodes and their function
The groups of lymph nodes consisting of inguinal lymph nodes lie below the inguinal ligament. They are devided into two categories, deep inguinal and superficial groups of lymph nodes. Each one divides into upper lateral, upper medial and lower vertical groups. The fasciae, skin and abdominal wall drain into the superficial inguinal group of lymph nodes. The upper medial group of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes drains the external genitalia, the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus, up to the perineum, and anal canal. The upper lateral group drains the buttock, the skin and fasciae of the upper part of the thigh, and even the lower part of the back. The skin and the fasciae of the lower limb is drained by the lower vertical group. Later the superficial lymph nodes drain into the deep inguinal lymph nodes. The deep inguinal lymph nodes drain not only the deep lymphatics of the lower limb along with the glans penis but also the superficial inguinal nodes. All deep nodes ultimately drain towards the external iliac group of lymph nodes.
